John Locke An Influential Person In History - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 832 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/07/30 Category People Essay Level High school Tags: John Locke Essay Did you like this example? Introduction: John Locke was the founder of a school of thought called British Empiricism, which means all knowledge is from our senses. His most influential work is the Essay Concerning Human Understanding in which he offered an analysis of the mind and knowledge. Although Locke is thought of as an education pioneer, in his later years he focused his attention on theology (Connelly). Biographical Information:   Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John Locke was born on August 26, 1632 in Wrington, which is a small village in southwestern England, and he died October 28, 1704. He attended Westminster School in London which focused on math, geography, Arabic, Latin, Hebrew, and Greek. He was awarded the Kings Scholar award in 1650 which allowed him to buy classic books in Latin and Greek. Locke was an outstanding student but did not enjoy school. He went to the University of Oxford but found the curriculum stale because it focused on Aristotles logic and ignored the new and important knowledge being discovered. While at Oxford he met many advocates of the new science and collaborated with them in their research. After the restoration of the English monarchy in 1660, Locke wrote two political works Two Tracts on Government and Two Treatises of Government. In 1663 he became the senior censor in Christ Church which required him to supervise undergraduate students and give lectures. Locke then began to write on his educational and philosophical beliefs (Gillard 2018). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "John Locke: An Influential Person In History" essay for you Create order Context: In the 17th century, during Lockes life, classical languages were learned through intense memorization exercises and corporal punishment (Connelly). Both rich boys and girls were educated. Either in separate boarding schools or by private tutors for boys, and by mothers for girls. Anyone could be a teacher because they taught what they knew. However according to Locke, If you want highly qualified teachers, select them carefully and pay them well (Gibbon). Locke believed that children learn best when they are engaged in the subject, and they should be able to seek their own interests and somewhat choose their course of study. He also thought curriculum should include practical knowledge (Connelly). Contributions: John Locke proposed the Epistemological Theory, Blank Slate Theory or Tabula Rasa, which states that humans are born with their minds completely empty, so they learn from their environment and surroundings. This went against philosophical tradition which states human beings are born with human nature. He believed every person is an author of their character. Locke also created the idea of simple and complex knowledge. Simple knowledge is the knowledge from the world that cannot be broken down. Complex knowledge is all the concepts assembled from simple knowledge (C. 2018). Before we can interpret the world and access it, we must know aspects about ourselves and how to obtain knowledge. Locke wanted methods to be incorporated into schools that would help with understanding the difference between right and wrong, so the children could eventually develop a moral sense (Connelly). Things in schools today that are connected:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many of John Lockes contributions are connected to schools today which has made him an educational pioneer. Locke thought very highly of practical knowledge, and it is still very important in schools. Teachers teach the basics that every child should know, so they can thrive in the world. Children learn best when they are engaged. When children, especially young students, sit in a classroom and do not move all day, they will not learn effectively. If the classroom is inviting and the lesson being taught is presented in a meaningful way, students will most likely learn better. Student interest is also very important in schools today. Due to the way classrooms are set up, teachers have their students interests in their minds and want what is best for them. Teachers want them to learn and love it. Project based learning is an example of student interests being important. Another example is morals being taught in schools. It might not be directly taught, but children will learn right from wrong. Simple and complex knowledge is still used today. Children are taught simple knowledge first, which is the concepts that cannot be broken down. They are then taught complex knowledge, which is all the concepts they have learned connected to each other. Closing: John Locke was an influential person to the educational system. He proposed the Blank Slate Theory which means knowledge is derived from our senses, environment, and surroundings. He believed children should enjoy going to school and learning. Students interests are extremely important, however, practical knowledge and learning something a child might not want to learn is imperative. Works Cited (2018, August 28). John Locke: His Libertarian Philosophy In 5 Short Films. Retrieved September 4, 2018,from https://missliberty.com/john-locke-his-libertarian-philosophy-in-5-short-films/ Connolly, P. J. (n.d.). John Locke (1632-1704). Retrieved September 15, 2018, from https://www.iep.utm.edu/locke/ Gibbon, P. (2018, June 20). John Locke: An Education Progressive Ahead of His Time? Retrieved September 4, 2018, from https://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2015/08/05/john-locke-an-education-progressive-ahead-of.html Gillard, D. (n.d.). Education in England Chapter 4. Retrieved September 9, 2018, from https://www.educationengland.org.uk/history/chapter04.html

Questions and Suggested Answers for Teacher Interviews

SK-II, Japan - 1844 Words

PG Japan: The SK-II Globalization Project (Harvard Business School case) Case Summary In â€Å"PG Japan: The SK-II Globalization Project† case study, the author Christopher Bartlett presents the PG’s plan of pushing SK-II as a global beauty product. In late 1999, Paolo de Cesare, President of Max Factor Japan, had given an idea to the Global Leader Team (GLT) of PG’s Beauty Care Global Business Unit (GBU) that whether it was a good idea for pushing SK-II to become a global PG brand. Since the product was successful in Japan ($150 million in sales in 1999), PG then was considering in expanding its SK-II to be distributed worldwide. There was also an effort of the Global Growth strategy of PG at that time as an influence factor to†¦show more content†¦PG need to work hard and do more research and development in order to produce higher quality, more innovative, and more unique in products in order to answer consumer’s need and compete with those major world brand competitors. Implementation of PG and SK-II PG set up the newly reorganized global operations. I’m going to explain how the company works with its new global operations strategy and how PG could push SK-II to world brand by using PG’s target market – China, Europe, and Japan. By using the implement of Organization 2005 (O2005), the company is expected to have more annual growth rate together with less expense. PG gives more compensation along with more responsibility tasks. PG allows every employee in company to hold firm’s stock. PG transferred primary profit responsibility from PG four regional organizations to seven global business units. For China, the company should first consider in building a strong brand in China. SK-II should be expressed clearly to target customers. Company then provides knowledge in using skin care up to six or eight steps. One more considering point is that there is high import duty. Thus, company should minimize the cost to make product profitable. For Europe, in order to have a chance in European market which crowded with world well-known beauty care brands, SK-II need to be launched in unique distribution channel from other PGShow MoreRelatedPG Japan: Sk-Ii Globalization1032 Words   |  5 PagesIn the highly competitive Japanese skin-care market, PG ¡Ã‚ ¦s new SK-II product has proven its success as a premium and prestige offering. PG has gained significant knowledge transfers from SK-II development and further, has successfully tapped the fickle Japanese market and has devloped a loyal user-base in Taiwan and Hong Kong. With its phenomenal success, it is only logical that PG consider rolling-out the SK-II product-line to the international market. However, while there is significant worldwideRead MorePG Japan: the Sk-Ii Globalization Project1692 Words   |  7 Pagesconsider before deciding what to recommend in your SK-II presentation to the global leadership team (GLT)? What kind of analysis will you need to do in pr eparing for that meeting? There are many factors that need to be considered when deciding recommendations to the GLT of SK-II. Being that this is PG’s first proposal to build a Japanese brand worldwide, it is important to take into consideration different cultures than of the consumers in Japan. Since 2005, PGs global organization has beenRead MorePG Japan the Sk-Ii Globalization Project2059 Words   |  9 PagesGMBA 5075 International Management Case 5-2 - Pamp;G Japan: The SK-II Globalization Project Group Report Due date: 12/03/12 By: Wendy Rodriguez Francisco Oliveira Francisco Andujar Yichen Li Intro: This case describes how SK-II which is a fast-growing skin care product is becoming very popular with a price to match its performance. After being introduced in Hong Kong and in Taiwan, Pamp;G believes that this brand has a strong global potential. At the conclusion of this case, theRead MorePG Japan the Sk-Ii Globalization Project3489 Words   |  14 PagesPG Japan: The SK-II Globalization Project When looking at the archetype of PG it can be seen that it is an Multi Centred MNE. Which consists of a set of entrepreneurial subsidiaries abroad which are key to knowledge-based FSA development. National responsiveness is the foundation of the international strategy. The non-location bound FSAs that hold these firms together are minimal: common financial governance and the identity and specific business interest of the founders or main owners. LaterRead MoreCase Study PG Sk-Ii Product in Japan and East Asia1527 Words   |  7 PagesPamp;G Japan SK-II Case Study Up to 1984, Pamp;G’s Japanese operation was a failure due to the following reasons: 1. Pamp;G did not take the time to determine the local needs based on the culture and common practices amongst the Japanese people. The product development was based on Western markets and it was assumed that it would streamline itself to other areas of the world. An example cited in this case study was the use of tap water for laundry washes without implementing aRead MoreSkii Case Analysis1041 Words   |  5 PagesPractical Work # 1 Pamp;G and SK-II Paolo de Cesare heads to Japan to make a decision on one of Pamp;G’s most successful and fast growing products – SK-II. SK-II was a high end product that had developed a strong following among Japanese women, who were increasingly conscious about skin care and willing to spend a significant amount of their income. Cesare must decide among three options: continue to focus on the Japanese market, introduce the product in china, or introduce it in Europe. Read MorePg Japan1454 Words   |  6 Pagessubsidiary to global business management. In the context of these changes introduced by Durk Jager, Pamp;G’s new CEO, Paolo de Cesare is transferred to Japan, where he takes over the recently turned-around beauty care business. Within the familiar Max Factor portfolio he inherits is SK-II, a fast-growing, highly profitable skin care product developed in Japan. Priced at over $100 a bottle, this is not a typical Pamp;G product, but its successful introduction in Taiwan an d Hong Kong has de Cesare thinkingRead MoreAs Paolo Decesare, What Factors Do You Need to Consider Before Deciding What to Recommend in Your Sk-Ii Presentation to the Global Leadership Team (Glt)? What Kind of Analysis Will You Need to Do in Preparing for?1306 Words   |  6 Pagesthe question The factors appropriate for SK-II as an existing brand in a country which would have had some priority over other products in the market will have to consider the PESTEL factors, Porter s five forces, SWOT,Marketing mix,Investment decision and the culture as well must be understood to position the product in new global market. PESTEL FACTORS This looks at the possibility of how SK-II cosmectics product can be a booming brand in Japan for Pamp;G company to grow their marketRead MoreMarketing1233 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction to Marketing Written Report SK-II Segmentation, Targeting Positioning in Hong Kong Group Members: (Group 2) Chan Yuk Fung, Nichole Ho Wai Ki, Vivian Kwan Tsz Kwan, Sita Ng Chun Ting, Jacky Yuen Ka Wai Date of Submission: 18 Apr 2012 Content 1) Introduction of SK-II P.3 2) Segmentation for SK-II customers P.3-4 3) Analysis of SK-II Segmentation P.4 4) How SK-II target their customers P.4-5 5) PositioningRead MorePG Japan1409 Words   |  6 Pages Does SK-II have the potential to become a global brand within Procter Gamble’s worldwide operations? Why or why not? 2. Which of the three market options should Paulo Decesare recommendation to the GLT? What benefits do you expect to gain? What risks do you see? 3. How Should he implement your recommended option? What are the implications for PG’s new post-O2005 organization? What support and/ or resistance do you expect? How will you manage it? 4. Why was SK-II so successful

Acute Respiratory Mrs Cox

Questions: Mrs Amanda Cox is 29 years old, she presented to ED with acute onset chest pain and dyspnoea. Amanda describes the pain as sharp, and states it is worse when she tries to breathe in and she rates the pain 7/10. Amanda states prior to presenting to hospital, she was involved in an Assault where she was hit in the chest. An assessment was performed on Amanda the findings are: BP: 99/50mmHg, HR: 145, RR: 26, Temp: 36.8, Oxygen sats: 90% on room air (RA), absent chest movement on left side.Before considering Amandas condition, its important to recall complex physiology related to breathing and respiration:The Alveoli/Capillary exchange is known as the functional unit of the lungs. 1. Discuss the role of this functional unit and what can happen to the patient when it doesnt function effectively:2. What is the role of Oxygen in the body? (i.e.: what is it used for?)3. The 4 phases of Respiration are: Breathing (Pulmonary Ventilation), External Respiration, Transport, and Internal Respirati on. Define a disorder/disease that would interfere with each phase of respiration.4. Given the signs and symptoms suffered by Amanda, hypothesise what is the most likely condition that Amanda may be suffering from?5. Discuss the pathophysiology of a traumatic pneumothorax.6. Outline other clinical manifestations that may present in a patient with this condition a traumatic pneumothorax. 7. The doctor inserts an Intercostal Catheter (ICC) into Amandas left side. Explain what an Intercostal Catheter is and the purpose of it.8. Amanda mobilises out of bed and inadvertently removes the chest drain. Prioritise three (3) immediate nursing actions? Answers: 1. The condition of dys-functioning of Alveoli/capillary exchange can be referred to as pulmonary contusion or acute valvular insufficiency. In normal physiological condition, the oxygen is intended to pass the air-blood barrier into the capillaries, which is hampered. Bodys circulation for oxygen is essential, as it helps the cells to consume oxygen and maintain the regular physiological functioning. Dys-functioning of this kind will lead, fatigue, hypoxia, cyanosis, fainting and dull appearance. It should be noted that the problem is not only concentrated with improper functioning of lungs, but also depends upon the bodys poor ability to carry blood and circulate the oxygen transportation. Zoeller, K. A. (2013). Pulsatile flow does not improve efficacy in ex vivo lung perfusion (Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisville). 2. Oxygen plays vital role in breathing and metabolism within the physiological system. Mainly the nutrient compounds are oxidized with the help of oxygen in conjunction to complex enzymatic process. Appropriate level of oxygen is thus vital for the support of cellular respiration. It is the oxidation process, which is metabolically regularized for the generation of energy in body. Oxygen is used as electron acceptor in the mitochondria of cells to generate ATP molecules. Other than this, oxygen is also essential for the proper functioning of neurons in brain. Mills, D. B., Canfield, D. E. (2014). Oxygen and animal evolution: Did a rise of atmospheric oxygen trigger the origin of animals?. BioEssays, 36(12), 1145-1155. 3. Lower respiratory infection is defined as the collection of diseases and disorders, which have the potential to infect the all the four phases of respiration. These include infection, restrictive pulmonary disorder, lung cancer and obstructive pulmonary disorder. Specification related to each phase is described in following section: Breathing It causes accumulation of cough, which brings up phlegm and mucus. Other possible symptoms that are included in such complications include congestion and tight feeling in chest, increased rate of breathing, wheezing and breathlessness. External respiration With infection, the alveoli gets swollen and hence the gaseous exchange between alveolar space and blood becomes inefficient. This can cause increase in pH of blood, hypoxia state and fatigues. Transport Infection and lung cancer affects the epithelium of respiratory tract. This will cause production of abnormal transport protein and thus the ion section of cells will be hampered along with the secretion of sweat glands. The secreted mucus also form a thin layer over the ciliated cells, thus the respiratory secretion will be hampered. Internal respiration In the overall complication, the oxygen supply to the cell will be hampered. This will cause inefficiency of oxygen molecules to act as electron acceptor in mitochondria. Because of this, the energy production process of the cells will be poor. Chang, A. B., Chang, C. C., O'Grady, K., Torzillo, P. J. (2009). Lower respiratory tract infections. Pediatric clinics of North America, 56(6), 1303-1321. 4. The present condition in linked with pulmonary contusion and haemothorax. With the history of hit on chest, there is possibility that the alveolar tissues might undergone tear and hence leads to ulmonary haemorrhage, oedema and confluent infiltration. The diagnosis can be confirmed thoroughly with CT scan of chest. Richardson, J. D., Adams, L., Flint, L. M. (1982). Selective management of flail chest and pulmonary contusion. Annals of surgery, 196(4), 481. 5. Traumatic pneumothorax, usually happens with motor vehicle accident, stabbing or trauma related condition. This leads to pulmonary contusion, implosion and inertial force over the alveolar tissue is reduced because of tear. The large potential volume of blood may lead to circulatory collapse and shock. Condition like dyspnea is also very common in such situation. In many a case volume replention and drainage of pleural space is needed. Furthermore, for the objective of persistent drainage, thoracic surgery evaluation is very much essential. Johnson, G. (1996). Traumatic pneumothorax: is a chest drain always necessary?. Journal of accident emergency medicine, 13(3), 173-174. 6. Clinical manifestation in conjunction to traumatic pneumothorax can be summarized in the following rebuttal points: Breathing shortness Soft under skin bulges. These are trapped air which are present beneath the skin in the region of neck and chest. Pain in chest in resting state and in breathing Chest movement becomes uneven while breathing Heartbeat becomes rapid Cough and accumulation of mucus in the respiratory tract Majercik, S., White, T. W., Van Boerum, D. H., Granger, S., Bledsoe, J., Conner, K., ... Weaver, L. K. (2014). Cleared for takeoff: The effects of hypobaric conditions on traumatic pneumothoraces. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 77(5), 729-733. 7. Intercostal Catheter is small tube like structure that can be inserted in the body to prevent surgical procedures. The purpose of this is to supplement for the intervention related to fluid therapy in traumatic pneumothorax. In majority of cases, the fluid should be withheld from the patient. Care should be taken that enough fluid should be present to ensure blood flow. It is hence people not requiring large fluid should use catheter to be placed in the pulmonary artery to measure the pressure inside it. It is hence this pressure measurement will help the clinicians to decide the amount to fluid to be present inside to prevent shock and to compensate the condition of edema. Obeid, F. N., Shapiro, M. J., Richardson, H. H., Horst, H. M., Bivins, B. A. (1985). Catheter aspiration for simple pneumothorax (CASP) in the outpatient management of simple traumatic pneumothorax. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 25(9), 882-886. 8. Three immediate nursing actions are: Chest physical therapy is essential part of nursing support, which includes breathing exercise, stimulation of coughing, percussion, movement, vibration and increase in oxygenation. Pain control is another means, which also helps in facilitation of secretion. Simpler example is pain while coughing. Pain control and management is one of the essential and immediately required nursing practice measures, which have the potential to improve the patient condition. Information about medication, such as analgesic for pain management and antibiotic for recovery of tissue injury is essential to be delivered to patient. Patient education in this regard will be helpful for the purpose of self-management and quick measures of health restoration. MacDuff, A., Arnold, A., Harvey, J. (2010). Management of spontaneous pneumothorax: British Thoracic Society pleural disease guideline 2010. Thorax, 65(Suppl 2), ii18-ii31.

Does Plato Believe There Can Ever Be free essay sample

A Just Society? Essay, Research Paper Does Plato Believe There Can Ever Be A Just Society? In replying this inquiry I foremost need to depict what a merely society would dwell of. A perfect province can merely be lead under perfect conditions. Civil Society would be a better name for this province. A merely province would be made up of three parts. First, a province is a construction with parts that work together like an being. If the parts do non work good together so the whole thing interruptions down. It must hold virtuousnesss, voices, it can be wise and brave. The province must hold everyone executing at that place occupations to their best ability. For a province to be merely the people within the province must besides be merely. A adult male is merely when he has a good ordered psyche because so you will make the right thing by executing good and merely actions. We will write a custom essay sample on Does Plato Believe There Can Ever Be or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A psyche must be allowed to execute its proper map. In a province you can non specify justness by a adult male because a adult male can disintegrate into ugliness. Alternatively you must specify justness based on signifiers. Plato says that the signifiers are ageless and of all time lasting. What constitutes an unfair society is a deficiency of cognition. So neglected to make a merely society we must educate people. The society must be good rounded in their instruction for if they are non they will hold jobs in society. A society must be fit, engagement in sports, they need to be sensitive to prose poesy, and have knowledge of mathematics and scientific discipline. Education can non be on fortes, but everything head, spirit, and organic structure. Having a well rounded instruction will assist people to pass on in all countries. The more you know in many different countries the better over all communicating a society has. One of the ground there are inequalities in a society is due to deficiency of cognition. Everyone in the society must to some extent be a philosopher because Thursday ey seek instruction and cognition. A merely society must besides hold a merely swayer. A merely swayer would necessitate to be a philosopher, he would hold to offer honest leading which reflects the will and knowledge of society. A perfect society must hold moderation, cognition, and wisdom. In justnesss occur because of a deficiency of cognition ensuing in greed. In order to acquire rid of unfairness everyone in the society must be educated get downing at birth. Womans and work forces need to be every bit educated in a well rounded manner in order to advance a merely society. In inquiring if this society could of all time work the reply is no. The lone manner it could work is if all of society is willing to accept cognition and work hard for instruction. Even though there is no such thing as a genuinely unfair society a wholly merely society will neer go on until people are willing to work for it. Another ground there can neer be a absolutely merely society is because everyone # 8217 ; s perceptual experience of merely is different. We know that the thought of justness is at that place, but to explicate it to where everyone agrees to the thought would be difficult to achieve. However, in seeking to happen true justness the society becomes stronger and more merely. Expressing individualism that benefits or hurts a society nevertheless, reflects assertiveness, inducement, thought, and creativeness, which strengthens the society. If a society of all time got to the point of being merely, the society would no longer have greed, thrust for a better life, it would non hold poorness or wealth. The society would merely halt. There would be no more innovation, growing, or alteration. The lone alteration from Plato # 8217 ; s clip to ours is engineering. We are still seeking for the perfect authorities, the inquiry of who is better than who is still asked, and instruction is still a major rule to whether or non you are successful. 36f

The NSA program

The Controversy Surrounding NSA Program Terrorism is a rising concern that is not only bothering first world countries but also third world countries as well. Terrorist activities have spread so much in the last two decades that they now threaten countries that were previously considered immune, such countries as Kenya, Nigeria, and Tanzania.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The NSA program specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The government of the United States has taken this concern and in the effort to contain terrorism formed the National Security Agency (NSA) in 1952. The program targeted calling behavior of Americans both within and without USA who â€Å"had suspected links to terrorist activities† (Fisher 199). Its would not have bee successful had it incorporated the help of American Telephone companies such as ATT while those who refused cooperation collapsed (Levy et al 5; Fisher 198). (NSA c ould not operate legally without the necessary legal requirements thus the enactment of Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, FISA in 1978 (Fisher 185). The purpose of this paper is to explore how the controversy surrounding the NSA program since its enactment especially during the reign of President George bush Yale University School of Law Symposium explains that FISA initial intension was to ensure that all intelligence wiretaps were done for â€Å"a probable reason† (404). FISA statute required the establishment of FISA courts to grant permission for such wiretap. However, the New York Times revealed a gross violation of this statute by the Bush administration, which eavesdropped on thousands of telephone conversations secretly, and without permission from FISA courts (Lichtblau para 1; Yale University School of Law Symposium 404). Supporters of this move argue that FISA statutes were meant for times of peace thus did not cater for the current security threats. This beli ef lead to The President lifting some of the â€Å"legal restrictions† in the act that did not allowed warrant less electronic surveillance (Risen and Eric para 14).Advertising Looking for research paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Proponents continue to argue that this program not only needed implementation in full but also total privacy. Exposing classified information such as documents detailing war on terror to the public is equal to â€Å"advertising American war on terror† (Yale University School of Law Symposium 405). Furthermore collecting information on ones war enemies is an age-old practice and therefore not abnormal in the war against terrorism. This makes the â€Å"Terrorist Surveillance Program† intended to collect terrorist information thousands of citizen inside and outside USA without FISA courts approval necessary as it was also in line with the US constitution (406). F ISA statute had several loopholes especially regarding executive authority. It did not address the question of the extent of presidential powers in exercising official authority. It also does not answer the question whether the president has discretionary powers when national security is at stake and lastly legal experts question its constitutionality if in its provision too restrict executive power, limits the power of the president to act in protecting and securing Americans in dire times (Centre for Law and Security 3). However, several people have opposed this program vehemently. Opponents state that it amounted to abuse of the law by the Bush administration. They claim that unwarranted wire taps are illegal for whatever reason and that bypassing the FISA policies is unconstitutional in two ways: it amounts to making the FISA statute optional, and it is also a grave abuse of executive authority by the president (Savage and Risen para 11). Several US judges have also ruled unwarr anted eavesdropping illegal as it intrudes into peoples private phone calls without any good reason. The knowledge that phone calls could be tapped unwarrantedly makes Americans paranoid and afraid of free phone speech, which curtails freedom of speech (Holding para 4, 5). The initial intention of this program was to gain information that would help in the war against terrorism. However, the changing nature of the terrorism coupled with creative manipulation of the law has lead to what many calls abuse of the executive authority. In the meantime, controversy ranges on about the legality and necessity of the program.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The NSA program specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Works Cited Center for Law and Security. â€Å"The NSA Wiretapping Program.† For The Record. 2007. Web. Fisher, Louis. â€Å"National Security Surveillance: Unchecked or Limited Presidential Power,† in Carter, Contemporary Cases in U.S. Foreign Policy, 2011. Print. Holding, Reynolds â€Å"Why the Wiretapping Ruling Is Vulnerable† Time. 2006. Web. Levy, David, Leong, Joy, Bus, Lawrence Plunkett, Michael. â€Å"Benefits- Cost Regulation of Negotiated Service Agreements.† n.d. Web. Lichtblau, Eric. â€Å"Senate Approves Bill to Broaden Wiretap Powers.† New York  Times. July 10, 2008. Web. Risen, James and Lichtblau, Eric. â€Å"Bush Secretly Lifted Some Limits on Spying in U.S. After 9/11, Officials Say.† New York Times. December 15, 2005. Web. Savage, Charlie and Risen, James. â€Å"Federal Judge Finds N.S.A. Wiretaps Were Illegal.† New York Times. March 31, 2010.Advertising Looking for research paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Yale University School of Law Symposium, â€Å"Warrant less Wiretaps,† in A Loch Johnson and James Wirtz, ed., Intelligence and National Security New York: Oxford University Press, 2008. Print. This research paper on The NSA program was written and submitted by user Danica Rosario to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Mackinder or Mahan Essays

Mackinder or Mahan Essays Mackinder or Mahan Paper Mackinder or Mahan Paper In the modern era, geopolitics is very similar to rotational thought, which is why these theorists, in particular Amman, are arguably still applicable to contemporary geopolitics. The ideologies that are held together by Mackenzie and his concept of the Heartland Theory are out-dated and irrelevant to contemporary geopolitics. His idea of a World Island as set geographical position that is highly inflexible, is opposite to what is expected of modern thought. Walters (1975) argued the Heartland Theory was one perspective of the globe, and stated, policy is made in the minds of men; its contours may not concur with a true map of the world. As contours are a minimal factor in Mans school of thought, he has become highly popular regarding sea power. His works on Naval influence is highly relevant to contemporary geopolitics. To cater for an increasingly globalizes world, that is heavily dependent on foreign resources and trade, sea power, and navies essentially, are key to ensure that a sustained level of growth and power is achieved. The United States of America is a clear example of a major power that uses its naval capacity to adhere to Mahayana logic, that reflects his tridents and six principle conditions that are still existent today. Mackenzie and the Heartland Theory was of high relevance in the 19th and 20th century. At that time, Eastern Europe was of a favorable strategic geographic area, lying on the brink of the western and eastern world. It had an abundance of rich resources key to state superiority. However, in the modern era, geographic importance is not as fundamental to a successful nation as Dally and Total (1998:16) quite clearly explain, our conveniently conventional geopolitical imagination, which envisions and maps the world in terms of spatial blocs, territorial presence and fixed identities, is no longer adequate in a world where pace appears to be left behind by pace, where territoriality is under eclipse by dialectically, and where simple settled identities are blurring into networks of complex unsettled hybrid. Mackenzie failed to recognize the importance that lies outside the heartland, which consists of the Riemann and Offshore Islands. To conform to Mackenzie, would be to say that the US is a mere island that is dependent on situations and outcomes that occur in Eastern Europe. In fact, it is the opposite scenario if applied contemporaries. Nicholas Sparkman, a strategies, argued against Mackenzie, by stating that the Americas have the resources and power in which to prevent states inside the heartland from achieving the traditionally adhered, world dominant status. Dally and Total (1998) elaborate further, arguing that if Mackenzie and the Heartland Theory were still prevalent, the US wouldnt be the super power it is today. They identified the outside inside approach, which redeploys the shape of heartland geopolitics in favor of the Americas. Woolworth (1999) states that since the collapse of the Soviet Union, a unpopular world has been dominated by US power, which generates an additional claim that Mackenzie really is irrelevant in contemporary geopolitics. Despite other elements are equal or even greater to sustain and improve national power, the Mahayana late 19th century logic of sea power, is still existent in contemporary power domination. Mahayana theory consists of two tridents, discussed by James R Holmes (2009). The first of his tridents, logic, governs strategic and geopolitical ideas relating to sea power. There is a tripartite element that consists commercially in the sense of obtaining wealth, politically for naming national power, and militarily for allowing access to these resources and maintaining these routes while upholding and reinforcing an authoritative stance, which is a clear purpose regarding the nation of the United States. His second trident, grammar, provides the rules of preparing for warfare and naval readiness. It consists martially and operational in nature, through production and overseas markets and bases. Holmes and Yeshiva (2010) come to appreciate the relevance of Mans logic, more than his grammar. The grammar of combat is out-dated, providing that the last fleet engagement was at the Elite Gulf in 1944. An extremely relevant question regarding the United States need for an immediate fleet is extremely relevant. An interesting discussion made by Holmes and Yeshiva (2010) addresses the questionable issue about the United States needing to have high-end ships and criticizes the mindset in which the nation has regarding contemporary geopolitics and outcomes for the future of naval warfare. Amman used six principles that primarily affect a nations ability to become a powerful sea power: geographical position, physical conformation, extent of territory, size of the population, character of the people, and character of the government. Parker (2003) stated these conditions were valid requirements for national power in the late 19th century, are valid requirements for national power in the 21st century, and will be valid requirements for national power for some time to come. The United States is a clear exemplification of how these principles are applied successful in order to maintain, and increase their unpopular dominance. The first principle, geographical position is supremely fundamental to the United States Navy. Because the countries contours consist of vast coastlines and occupy hundreds of military bases overseas, its position s essential to naval dominance. The concern Amman had in his time was that the United States didnt have any ports or trade centers close to the heartland. This concern has clearly been erased through the abundance of bases around Europe. By using the overseas military bases, such as the base in Bahrain, it creates assistance in trade through the Malice Straight, which is a huge chock point in the shipping industry and is favorable to piracy. To be militarily active in a position such as this, allows for United States integration into international assistance and gives the power to deter hostile forces at sea. By having the multitude of bases, it allows the US Navy to address any situation at any time, regardless of its geographical position. In this case, the United States addressed Mans concern, allowing for a greater geopolitical influence around the world. What Amman means when discussing his second principle of physical conformation, is the physical geography that determines if interaction with surrounding foreign areas is amplified or discouraged. In favor of the United States, the ports on the east, west and Gulf coats receive relatively good climates and are all generally rich in resources. This allows for easy access, which results in the high use of the capabilities and use of resources available to the nation. An example of how rich the resources are, consist of 323 million barrels of oil and 670 billion cubic feet of gas pockets still available off the west coast of the United States as discussed by Emerson et al (2012). From this accessibility and richness, the United States clearly adheres to the second principle Amman expects from a dominant sea power. What Mans third principle of extent of territory relates to is the irrelevance that the size of a nation has, but rather the length of the coastline elevate to its size. The coast of the United States is a staggering 20,000 kilometers on length, which allows Amman to use the United States Pacific coastline to emphasis its importance it has to assist militarily to other bordering regions such as Australia and Asia. It also uses its vast Atlantic coast to interact with the European and African continents. Mans appreciation for the extent of coastline can therefore relate to the ease in which the United States has with the geographic nature of the United States. The fourth principle of number of population is another major influence that determines a nations dominant sea power. Amman emphasizes that active military personnel are key to a nations ability to act when necessary, and therefore is a highly important factor. With the use of statistics from CNN (201 1), the United States population of 318 million people is a vital component of this principle, but a rather more significant one is the focus on the 1. 4 million active frontline and 850,000 active reserve personnel around the world in 150 different countries that support Mans (1890) concept of being, readily available for employment on ship-board and for the creation of naval material. The high amount of personnel on active duty, stresses the interest and importance the United States has around the world. Competing nations such as China and India, who have a much higher population than the United States are becoming increasingly threatening. However, the United States has one of the highest amounts of military expenditure, utilizing 4. 2% of its GAP (World Bank 2012). With this high amount of spending, it allows the United States to adhere to what Amman believed to be the most important factor regarding population. As long as the resources, equipment and training and personnel are maintained at a steady, acceptable rate that could act in a time of crisis, it will suffice to threats. This goes to show that the United States is a nation that understands futuristic implications that may arise, and is seen to be ready to address these threats from a Mahayana standpoint. National character was Mans interest with industry and trade, which made up his fifth principle. Parker (2003) uses an analogy to compare how England and Holland acted in the colonial era. The author looked at Mans work in addressing the character of these nations, which seemed to then manifest their administration of colonial conquest. The nations examined seemed to use not a sword, but labor to immigrate, as discussed by Amman (1890). This is similarly seen in the United States objectives of commercial interest in the liberations of international trade in the past century, and in years to come, which again, portrays Mans relevant ideologies. The character of government is Mans final principle. He addresses this idea by deciding whether a nation is at peace or war. In peacetime, the policies can either be in favor or against the industries related to naval capacity. In the midst of war, it is fundamental for government decision making o increase defensive spending compared to peacetime budgeting. It is safe to say, the current United States government addresses international affairs and situations that they are at all times, at war. Woolworth (1999) confirms with the diminishing notion of the unpopular world, a mindset like this is essential to survival.